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The Action Words of Faith

5 October, 20244 October, 2024Marissa

The other day as I was reading through Hebrews 11, I noticed the faith chapter follows a pattern: “By faith [name] [action].” Each time the writer mentions a hero of faith, they following it by saying what it was this person did by faith.

As we’ve been studying here on this blog for the past three weeks, faith is linked with the actions we take (see “The Obedience of Faith,” “Be Careful How You Listen,” and “Increase Our Faith“). I thought it might be fitting to follow these posts up with one that’s more concrete; one that moves past discussing faith in action as a concept to looking at the actions that people of faith really did. Hebrews 11 isn’t an exhaustive list, but it is a great place to start.

We Understand

By faith we understand that the worlds were set in order at God’s command, so that the visible has its origin in the invisible.
Hebrews 11:3, NET

I’ve never before stopped to think about the fact that the faith chapter starts with us. We think of this as a list of heroes of the faith, but the very first people mentioned is “we”–the author and all the readers. None of us were there at the creation of the world. The understanding we have to worship God as Creator is something we do by faith.

Abel Offered

By faith Abel offered God a greater sacrifice than Cain, and through his faith he was commended as righteous, because God commended him for his offerings. And through his faith he still speaks, though he is dead.
Hebrews 11:4, NET

Abel’s faith prompted him to give an offering to God. If we do this today it’s usually money, but in the Old Testament God’s followers gave physical offerings. In Genesis, we read, “Abel brought some of the firstborn of his flock and of its fat. Yahweh respected Abel and his offering” (Gen. 4:4, WEB). Something about Abel’s offering and the way he presented it pleased God and led to Him commending Abel’s righteousness. We’ll see this connection between action, faith, and righteousness repeated with Abraham as well.

Enoch Pleased God

By faith Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death, and he was not to be found because God took him up. For before his removal he had been commended as having pleased God. Now without faith it is impossible to please him, for the one who approaches God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.
Hebrews 11:5-6, NET

Enoch is the one break in our “By faith [name] [action]” pattern. Here, “Enoch was taken” by God–it’s God doing the action, not Enoch. The lines that follow, though show that Enoch was doing something to please God. We’re not sure exactly what all was involved in that, but it is linked with “believe” (translated from pisteuo, the verb/action word form of pistis, which is faith as a noun/thing/concept).

Noah Constructed, Condemned, and Inherited

By faith Noah, when he was warned about things not yet seen, with reverent regard constructed an ark for the deliverance of his family. Through faith he condemned the world and became an heir of the righteousness that comes by faith.
Hebrews 11:7, NET

I still think about a study I published in 2016 “Grace To Build An Ark.” The first time we see “grace” in the Bible, it’s when God decided to spare Noah and his family from the flood. Like the grace we receive, Noah couldn’t have enacted this salvation on his own, but once he received grace he took action. He built an ark, and here we learn that he did that “by faith.”

We’re also told that through faith Noah “condemned the world.” The word translated “condemned” is katakrino, “to give judgement against” (G2632, Thayer’s Dictionary). Noah wasn’t the one who decided the world was “worthy of punishment” (Thayer), but the actions he took by faith highlighted that he was the only one alive who would be obedient to God and drew a sharp contrast between him and the sinful world.

Noah also “became an heir of the righteousness that comes by faith.” In Romans, Paul talked extensively about how “faith was credited to Abraham as righteousness” (Rom. 4), but this points out that it happened for Noah as well. It’s really an amazing thing to say about someone in the Old Testament, when many people who knew about God were “pursuing a law of righteousness” yet fell short of “righteousness that is by faith” (Rom. 9:30-31, NET, see Rom 9:30-10:13). Noah’s example provides further support for one of Paul’s main arguments in Romans: that God has always worked with people who pursued righteousness through faith and obeyed God from the heart rather than simply by rote obedience to the letter of the law.

Abraham Obeyed, Went Out, Lived, Looked Forward, Procreated, and Offered

By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to a place he would later receive as an inheritance, and he went out without understanding where he was going.By faith he lived as a foreigner in the promised land as though it were a foreign country, living in tents with Isaac and Jacob, who were fellow heirs of the same promise. For he was looking forward to the city with firm foundations, whose architect and builder is God. By faith, even though Sarah herself was barren and he was too old, he received the ability to procreate, because he regarded the one who had given the promise to be trustworthy. So in fact children were fathered by one man—and this one as good as dead—like the number of stars in the sky and like the innumerable grains of sand on the seashore. …

By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered up Isaac. He had received the promises, yet he was ready to offer up his only son. God had told him, “Through Isaac descendants will carry on your name,”and he reasoned that God could even raise him from the dead, and in a sense he received him back from there.
Hebrews 11:8-12, 17-18 NET (bold italics mark a quotation from Gen 21:12)

Abraham is known as the father of the faithful, and for good reason (Rom. 4:12, 16). His whole life is characterized by faithful action in obedience to God and based on trust in God. Most of the other action words used in this section of Hebrews 11 hinge on that first word: “obeyed.” It was in obedience to God that he left his homeland and “lived as a foreigner” in the land God promised to his descendants. He was obeying when he “offered up Isaac.” We also see a lot of trust in Abraham’s life–trust that God would raise up Isaac if he died, trust when looking forward to a heavenly city, and trust that God would give him a child. For Abraham, as for all of us, faith is an action that involves trusting God, staying loyal to Him, and obeying Him.

Image of a smiling woman with her arm raised in praise overlaid with text from Heb. 11:6, NET version: “Now without faith it is impossible to please him, for the one who approaches God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.” — Image by Pearl from Lightstock

Isaac and Jacob Blessed

By faith also Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning the future.By faith Jacob, as he was dying, blessed each of the sons of Joseph and worshiped as he leaned on his staff.
Hebrews 11:20-21, NET (bold italics mark a quotation from Gen 47:31)

When we think of blessing today, we usually think of it as something God does for us (e.g. “God blessed us with protection during the storm”) or that we do for God (e.g. “Bless the Lord, O my soul”). In the Bible, though, there’s a third type of blessing as well. People can bless other people. It’s part prophecy, part asking God to bless them. To bless someone like this, you have to have faith in God–faith that He’s guiding the words of your blessing and faith that He’ll carry it out.

Joseph Mentioned and Instructed

By faith Joseph, at the end of his life, mentioned the exodus of the sons of Israel and gave instructions about his burial.
Hebrews 11:22, NET

This is another example of faith that includes trusting God about the future. Joseph’s only guarantee that Israel would leave Egypt is that God told Him about it (Gen. 50:24-26). He trusted God’s word so much that he made plans for the Exodus that would happen long after his death, instructing his brothers to pass down this command all the way to Moses (Ex. 13:19).

Moses’s Parents Hid

By faith, when Moses was born, his parents hid him for three months, because they saw the child was beautiful and they were not afraid of the king’s edict.
Hebrews 11:23, NET

We often think of hiding as something we do because of fear, but that’s the opposite of what’s happening here. Moses’s parents hid him to keep him safe from the murderous pharaoh. My baby is almost 3 months old now, and I can’t imagine how much faith it took for his mother to overcome her fears, put her little baby into a basket in the river, and hope that he’d be safe (Ex. 1:22-2:3).

Moses Refused, Chose, Suffered, Left, Persevered, and Kept

By faith, when he grew up, Moses refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter,choosing rather to be ill-treated with the people of God than to enjoy sin’s fleeting pleasure. He regarded abuse suffered for Christ to be greater wealth than the treasures of Egypt, for his eyes were fixed on the reward. By faith he left Egypt without fearing the king’s anger, for he persevered as though he could see the one who is invisible. By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood, so that the one who destroyed the firstborn would not touch them.
Hebrews 11:24-28, NET

Movies like The Ten Commandments and Prince of Egypt make it seem like Moses didn’t know about his Israelite heritage until shocked by the revelation as an adult, but this passage in Hebrews indicates he knew for a while. He didn’t stumble into the knowledge or run away because he was scarred. He chose, by faith, to align himself with the people of God even though that meant suffering.

All of the faithful actions recorded here for Moses hinge on looking to the future and relying on God. He chose God over Egypt–long-term good over “fleeting pleasure” and treasures in heaven over earthly wealth. He trusted in God to pass the last plague over Israel if they obeyed His instructions, and though it isn’t mentioned here, we know Moses and generations of Israelites to follow continued keeping the Passover as they looked forward to the Messiah.

People of Israel Crossed Red Sea and Watched Jericho Fall

By faith they crossed the Red Sea as if on dry ground, but when the Egyptians tried it, they were swallowed up. By faith the walls of Jericho fell after the people marched around them for seven days.
Hebrews 11:29-30, NET

The people of ancient Israel are often seen as a cautionary tale–an example of disobedience that we’re to learn from and not imitate (1 Cor. 10:1-12). But there were times that they acted in faith, and we can look to those times as positive examples. They were scared at the Red Sea, but when God parted the waters they fled through this supernatural way of escape by faith. They weren’t the most formidable army in the world, but Joshua didn’t hesitate to lead them into the promised land and trust God to provide the victory. Once again, we see that actions of faith are linked with trusting God.

Rahab Escaped

By faith Rahab the prostitute escaped the destruction of the disobedient, because she welcomed the spies in peace.
Hebrews 11:31, NET

Rahab didn’t know anything about the God of Israel except what she’d heard about the things He’d done through and for His people (Josh. 2:8-13). That was enough, though, for her to say, “Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above, and on earth beneath” (Josh. 2:11, WEB), and to act based on faith in Him. You don’t need to know everything about who God is and what He expects from you to begin a life of faith.

Summary of Other Faithful Actions

Image of a man sitting at a table with a Bible in front of him and his head bowed in prayer, overlaid with blog's title text and the words, "Hebrews 11 records actions that people did “by faith” and teaches us about things we can do if we have faith." — Image by WhoisliketheLord Studio from Lightstock

And what more shall I say? For time will fail me if I tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and Samuel and the prophets. Through faith they conquered kingdoms, administered justice, gained what was promised, shut the mouths of lions, quenched raging fire, escaped the edge of the sword, gained strength in weakness, became mighty in battle, put foreign armies to flight,and women received back their dead raised to life. But others were tortured, not accepting release, to obtain resurrection to a better life.And others experienced mocking and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment. They were stoned, sawed apart, murdered with the sword; they went about in sheepskins and goatskins; they were destitute, afflicted, ill-treated (the world was not worthy of them); they wandered in deserts and mountains and caves and openings in the earth. And these all were commended for their faith, yet they did not receive what was promised.For God had provided something better for us, so that they would be made perfect together with us.
Hebrews 11:21-40, NET

The actions of faith often seem exciting and heroic when we look back on them. At the time, though, I imagine they were often harrowing for people. The verses in Hebrews tell us people like Moses and his parents acted without fear, but there was still uncertainty. They trusted God, but they didn’t know the outcome when they started out.

Sometimes, the actions we take by faith lead to things like conquering kingdoms, attaining the promises, escaping from lions, and raising the dead. Other times, these actions lead to God’s people being tortured, mocked, imprisoned, and homeless. No matter what the outcome, the point of this chapter is that we can trust God when we act in faith. In the grand scheme of things, He always works things out for good. Sometimes that’s obvious in this life, but whether we see a good outcome here or not, the ultimate fulfillment of God’s promises will happen in His kingdom.

These all died in faith without receiving the things promised, but they saw them in the distance and welcomed them and acknowledged that they were strangers and foreigners on the earth. For those who speak in such a way make it clear that they are seeking a homeland. In fact, if they had been thinking of the land that they had left, they would have had opportunity to return.But as it is, they aspire to a better land, that is, a heavenly one. Therefore, God is not ashamed to be called their God, for he has prepared a city for them.
Hebrews 11:13-16, NET

Every single person mentioned here in the faith chapter is still waiting to receive all that God promised them. They’ll be resurrected at the same time as the New Covenant believers are at Jesus’s return (see “Rethinking Heaven: Capturing A Vision of the Resurrection“). The faith chapter begins by including us (“by faith we understand”) and it ends with us as well (“they would be made perfect together with us”). When we remain faithful to God–demonstrated by the actions of faith that we take in obedience to Him–we’ll inherit the promises right alongside all the faithful people who’ve followed God over thousands of years.

Featured image by Pearl from Lightstock

Song Recommendation: “Find Us Faithful” by Steve Green

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Increase Our Faith

28 September, 202427 September, 2024Marissa

In our lives as Christians, we’ve probably all thought at some point that we’d like to have more faith. We look at the heroes of faith in the Bible and read Hebrews 11, and we think it’d be nice to have faith like that. Jesus’s disciples had a similar desire.

The apostles said to the Lord, “Increase our faith!”So the Lord replied, “If you had faith the size of a mustard seed, you could say to this black mulberry tree, ‘Be pulled out by the roots and planted in the sea,’ and it would obey you.”
Luke 17:5-6, NET

At first, it seems like Jesus didn’t give them a helpful answer. They asked for more faith, and He said if you had faith you could do this and this, but didn’t actually tell them how to get that faith. But then, as He so often did when teaching, He proceeded to tell them a story.

“Would any one of you say to your slave who comes in from the field after plowing or shepherding sheep, ‘Come at once and sit down for a meal’?Won’t the master instead say to him, ‘Get my dinner ready, and make yourself ready to serve me while I eat and drink. Then you may eat and drink’?He won’t thank the slave because he did what he was told, will he?So you too, when you have done everything you were commanded to do, should say, ‘We are slaves undeserving of special praise; we have only done what was our duty.’”
Luke 17:7-10, NET

The disciples asked for more faith, and Jesus gave this enigmatic response. First, He told them what they could do if they had faith. Then, he told them this story about the slave and the master. Finally, He gave them an instruction: “So you too, when you have done everything you were commanded to do, should say, ‘We are slaves undeserving of special praise; we have only done what was our duty.’” It’s this story and concluding instruction that serve as the answer to the disciples’ plea, “Increase our faith!”

Image of a man pushing open two doors to go outside overlaid with text from Luke 17:5-6, 10, NET version: The apostles said to the Lord, “Increase our faith!” So the Lord replied ... “when you have done everything you were commanded to do, should say, ‘We are slaves undeserving of special praise; we have only done what was our duty.’” — Image by Pearl from Lightstock

Master and Slave

When we read the word “slave” with modern eyes, we become very uncomfortable. We think of involuntary subjugation and mistreatment. In many English translations, they use the word “servant” or “bondservant” to avoid using “slave.” However, “δοῦλος (doulos) … does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another” (NET footnote on Matt. 8:9). “Bondservant” is a pretty good translation, since doulos “often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another,” but it’s not a word that most modern English speakers are familiar with. That makes “slave” the best translation option even though our modern sense of what that means is a little different than what doulos meant in the ancient world.

It’s important that we understand doulos because the master-slave relationship is one that Jesus and New Testament writers frequently use to explain how God and His followers relate to each other. Jesus has multiple parables about the kingdom that compare us to slaves and He and/or His father to a master (Matt. 24:45-51; 25:14-30). While Jesus did say, “I no longer call you slaves … But I have called you friends” near the end of His human life (John 15:15), Paul, Timothy, James, Peter, and Jude all call themselves slaves of God the Father and Jesus Christ (Rom. 1:1; Phil. 1:1; Tit. 1:1; James 1:1; 2 Pet. 1:1; Jude 1:1). In the sense that Biblical writers use the word, we don’t have a choice about whether or not we’re slaves. All people either serve sin and the devil as their master, or serve righteousness and the one true God (Romans 6). We just get to choose whom we serve. With that in mind, let’s look at Jesus’s response to His disciples again.

“Would any one of you say to your slave who comes in from the field after plowing or shepherding sheep, ‘Come at once and sit down for a meal’?Won’t the master instead say to him, ‘Get my dinner ready, and make yourself ready to serve me while I eat and drink. Then you may eat and drink’?He won’t thank the slave because he did what he was told, will he?So you too, when you have done everything you were commanded to do, should say, ‘We are slaves undeserving of special praise; we have only done what was our duty.’”
Luke 17:7-10, NET

First, Jesus asked His listeners to put themselves in the master’s role. You wouldn’t think it was a remarkable thing, He points out, if your slave did as they were told and served you. Like the slave in this story, we have a master that we’re expected to serve. When we do everything God has commanded us to do, we shouldn’t think we’ve done something amazing. That’s just what’s expected of us. It is our duty to obey God in everything. And somehow, that is connected to faith.

Image of a woman sitting at a table with a bible overlaid with text from Heb. 11:6, NET version:
“Now without faith it is impossible to please him, for the one who approaches God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him." — Image by Prixel Creative from Lightstock

Doing What We Hear

Paul tells us that “faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word of Christ” (Rom. 10:17, NET). As we talked about last week, a Jewish writer like Paul would have connected the idea of hearing to the action of doing. If you really hear or listen to something God says, then you’re going to act on what you hear. Faith follows from hearing God’s word and, as we talked about the week before last, that faith involves obedience to what God says.

When I read, “when you have done everything you were commanded to do, should say, ‘We are slaves undeserving of special praise; we have only done what was our duty’” I think of the difference Jesus drew between people who made a show of righteousness and people who lived genuinely righteous lives. Usually, this came up in relation to the Pharisees, who prided themselves on keeping God’s law to the letter and even adding more laws on top of it.

“Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have not come to abolish these things but to fulfill them.I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth pass away not the smallest letter or stroke of a letter will pass from the law until everything takes place. So anyone who breaks one of the least of these commands and teaches others to do so will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but whoever obeys them and teaches others to do so will be called great in the kingdom of heaven. For I tell you, unless your righteousness goes beyond that of the experts in the law and the Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven!”
Matthew 5:17-20, NET

Clearly, the true righteousness Jesus talks about here has something to do with keeping the commands of God but it isn’t confined to just being an expert in the law or keeping that law as strictly as possible. In the rest of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus continued talking about taking God’s law to the next level. Our righteousness has to go beyond the letter of the law to obeying God in the spirit and intent of His law. For example, it’s not enough to avoid murder; Jesus also expects us not to despise or condemn others (Matt. 5:21-22). It’s not enough to refrain from cheating on our spouses; we’re not even to lust after someone who doesn’t belong to us (Matt. 5:27-28). If we’re only keeping the letter of the law, then we are servants who have merely done our duty. If we want to be deserving of “special praise,” we need to demonstrate a higher degree of commitment to God than what He expected under the Old Covenant.

Now we have such confidence in God through Christ.Not that we are adequate in ourselves to consider anything as if it were coming from ourselves, but our adequacy is from God, who made us adequate to be servants of a new covenant not based on the letter but on the Spirit, for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.
2 Corinthians 2:4-6, NET

Paul explains “the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life” more fully in Romans, especially Romans 7-8. The law gives knowledge of sin, but it can’t save us from the death penalty that comes from breaking God’s law. We need Jesus’s sacrifice for that, and when we have a relationship with Him we’re “free from the law of sin and death” and under “the law of the life-giving Spirit in Christ Jesus” (Rom. 8:2, NET).

The Law That Gives Freedom

Image of a man sitting on the beach, overlaid with the blog post's title text and the words, "When Jesus's disciples asked for more faith, He talked about going beyond simply doing your duty as a servant of God. There's a connection between what we do and the level of faith we have." — Image by Anggie from Lightstock

Many people think of God’s law as something restrictive, demanding, and confining. But when we’re in a New Covenant relationship with the Father and Jesus, the law becomes something else. It’s not so much that the law of God changed, but that our relationship with it changed.

But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well. But if you show prejudice, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as violators.For the one who obeys the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it.For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law. Speak and act as those who will be judged by a law that gives freedom.For judgment is merciless for the one who has shown no mercy. But mercy triumphs over judgment.
James 2:8-13, NET (bold italics mark quotations from Lev. 19:18; Ex. 20:13-14)

While Paul often emphasized how we don’t rely on the law for salvation (even though we still owe God our loyalty and obedience), here, James emphasizes the continuing importance of God’s law. If we really love our neighbors as ourselves, then we’re keeping God’s whole law the way He intends us to (Rom. 13:8-10). But if we break one of the more detailed commands summed up by “love your neighbor as yourself” then we’re guilty of violating God’s law. He’s merciful, though, and the law is there for freedom not condemnation. It lets us know what kind of works we should produce when we have faith.

What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but does not have works? Can this kind of faith save him? If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacks daily food, and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, keep warm and eat well,” but you do not give them what the body needs, what good is it? So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead being by itself. But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith without works and I will show you faith by my works. You believe that God is one; well and good. Even the demons believe that—and tremble with fear.

But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless?Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend.You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. And similarly, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by another way?For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.
James 2:14-26, NET (bold italics mark a quotation from Gen. 15:6)

Belief that acknowledges God’s nature then does nothing based on that knowledge is the same kind of “faith” that the demons have. Faith that’s linked with righteousness takes action. Active faith does good works, not because works will save us but because our salvation links us with God the Father and Jesus Christ. A real relationship with them inspires change, growth, and goodness in us. As we follow Jesus’s example and obey God in the spirit of the law, not just doing our duty to obey in the letter of the law, our faith continues to grow.

Featured image by Pearl from Lightstock

Song Recommendation: “By Faith” by Keith & Kristyn Getty

Be Careful How You Listen

21 September, 202420 September, 2024Marissa

Are you a good listener?

Being a good listener is an important skill, and not one that everyone masters. There’s a difference between hearing something and really listening to it. I might hear that my husband is talking, for example, but if I’m distracted in the kitchen or thinking about something else I’m not really listening to him and might not even register what he says. The same is true when we’re interacting with God. We might hear or read His words, but unless we’re paying attention we aren’t actually listening.

As I was reading through Luke’s gospel in the Tree of Life translation, I noticed a phrase I hadn’t really thought about before: “So pay attention how you listen” (Luke 8:18, TLV). The other translations that I most frequently use say, “Be careful therefore how you hear” (WEB) and “So listen carefully” (NET). The New English Translation’s footnote says the Greek literally means “Take heed therefore how you hear” and it could also be translated, “Therefore pay close attention.”

God speaks to us. Most commonly through His written word, but also through other people inspired by His holy spirit and directly into our hearts and minds. We need to make sure we’re actively listening to His voice and acting on what we hear, not just hearing without doing.

Image of a man sitting at a table reading a Bible overlaid with text from Ecc. 5:1, WEB version: Guard your steps when you go to God’s house; for to draw near to listen is better than to give the sacrifice of fools, for they don’t know that they do evil. — Image by Matt Vasquez from Lightstock

Context for Hearing

Whenever we’re looking at a passage from the Bible, it’s helpful to look at the context. An isolated phrase like this might seem to mean something on it’s own, but mean something else when read in the context of the rest of the sentence or passage. Or it might mean just what it seems to mean, but take on deeper significance when we read what’s going on around it. The latter is what’s happening in the case of this passage from Luke. In this section of the gospel account, Luke records Jesus’s parable of the sower. After hearing that parable, the disciples asked Jesus what it meant. Notice how often He mentioned hearing in His explanation:

He said, “You have been given the opportunity to know the secrets of the kingdom of God, but for others they are in parables, so that although they see they may not see, and although they hear they may not understand.

“Now the parable means this: The seed is the word of God. Those along the path are the ones who have heard; then the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts, so that they may not believe and be saved. Those on the rock are the ones who receive the word with joy when they hear it, but they have no root. They believe for a while, but in a time of testing fall away.As for the seed that fell among thorns, these are the ones who hear, but as they go on their way they are choked by the worries and riches and pleasures of life, and their fruit does not mature.But as for the seed that landed on good soil, these are the ones who, after hearing the word, cling to it with an honest and good heart, and bear fruit with steadfast endurance.”
Luke 8:10-15, NET (bold italics mark a quotation from Is. 6:9)

Hearing the word of God is a starting point. But just hearing it doesn’t guarantee a good outcome. Sometimes the word is snatched away before it makes anything more than a surface-level impact. Sometimes people respond joyfully when they hear, but they don’t actually let it take deep root in their lives. Others hear, but the word isn’t as important to them as other things. And then there are the ones who hear, really listen, cling to the word at the heart-level, and then do something with what they heard.

“No one lights a lamp and then covers it with a jar or puts it under a bed, but puts it on a lampstand so that those who come in can see the light.For nothing is hidden that will not be revealed, and nothing concealed that will not be made known and brought to light. So listen carefully, for whoever has will be given more, but whoever does not have, even what he thinks he has will be taken from him.”
Luke 8:16-18, NET

If we do something with what we hear–if we listen and act on it–then that will become apparent in our lives. The more we use what we hear, the more God will give us to listen to.

Image of a young woman standing in church services reading a Bible with text from Deut. 5:1, NET version: Then Moses called all the people of Israel together and said to them: “Listen, Israel, to the statutes and ordinances that I am about to deliver to you today; learn them and be careful to keep them!” — Image by José Roberto Roquel from Lightstock

The Greatest Commandment

When someone asked Jesus what the most important commandment was, He famously answered it’s to love God and to love your neighbor. The instruction to “love the lord your God” is a quote from the Deuteronomy 6 passage known as the Shema, and in Mark’s account Jesus quotes more of the passage than He did in Matthew.

Now one of the experts in the law came and heard them debating. When he saw that Jesus answered them well, he asked him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?”Jesus answered, “The most important is: ‘Listen, Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one.Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’The second is: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
Mark 12:28-31, NET (bold italics mark quotations from Deut. 6:4-5 and Lev. 19:18)

The instruction to “listen” or “hear” (depending on the translation) is an important part of the commandment. According to The Bible project, “The opening line, ‘Hear, O Israel,’ does not simply mean to let sound waves enter your ears. Here, the word shema means to allow the words to sink in, provide understanding, and generate a response—it’s about action. In Hebrew, hearing and doing are the same thing” (Tim Mackie, “What’s the Meaning of the Jewish Shema Prayer in the Bible?”). Though the New Testament was written in Greek, Jesus and the other Jewish people who wrote the Bible were steeped in Hebrew thought. When they talked about hearing or listening, they would have thought about acting on what was heard. James talks about this in his epistle.

But be doers of the word, and not only hearers, deluding your own selves. For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man looking at his natural face in a mirror; for he sees himself, and goes away, and immediately forgets what kind of man he was. But he who looks into the perfect law of freedom and continues, not being a hearer who forgets, but a doer of the work, this man will be blessed in what he does.
James 1:22-25, WEB

We need to “do” the law of God, not just hear it. The Bible–including the commandments and instructions–isn’t there just to be an interesting academic study. God shared His words to reveal His mind and character, and to show us how we ought to live in order to get the best outcome from our lives. Obeying His commandments is a way to connect with, understand, and become like Him if we really listen to Him and act on what we hear.

Hearing Builds Our Faith

Image of a woman doing Bible study, overlaid with blog's title text and the words, "We must actively listen when God speaks and act on what we hear, not just hear without doing." — Image by Anggie from Lightstock

Last week, we discussed a short phrase from Paul’s letter to Rome: “the obedience of faith.” Today’s post builds on that discussion in many ways, because faith is linked with what we hear from God.

For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. How are they to call on one they have not believed in? And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them?And how are they to preach unless they are sent? As it is written, “How timely is the arrival of those who proclaim the good news.”But not all have obeyed the good news, for Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?”Consequently faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word of Christ.
Romans 10:13-17, NET (bold italics mark quotations from Isa. 52:7; 53:1; Nah. 1:15; Joel 2:32)

Faith is vital to our lives as Christians. According to Paul in this passage, faith comes from hearing the word of Jesus the Messiah. That would be all the words that came from Him (Old and New Testament) as well as the words about Him. Put that together with what James wrote and what Paul said here about obeying the good news, and we know that hearing the words isn’t going to provide faith on it’s own–it’s listening to and putting the words into action, just as is implied by the Hebrew word shema. Then, once we have a starting faith, we keep adding on to it as we grow in the knowledge of Jesus Christ.

May grace and peace be lavished on you as you grow in the rich knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord! …

For this very reason, make every effort to add to your faith excellence, to excellence, knowledge;to knowledge, self-control; to self-control, perseverance; to perseverance, godliness; to godliness, brotherly affection; to brotherly affection, unselfish love.For if these things are really yours and are continually increasing, they will keep you from becoming ineffective and unproductive in your pursuit of knowing our Lord Jesus Christ more intimately.
2 Peter 1:2, 5-8, NET

As we continue to learn and grow as Christians, it’s vital that we put into practice what we hear. Head-knowledge isn’t going to cut it–we need to know Jesus and the Father, not just know about them. Living, vibrant faith is relational, and relationships involve listening closely and taking action to keep that relationship healthy.

Featured image by Brightside Creative from Lightstock

Song Recommendation: “Voice of Truth” by Casting Crowns

The Obedience of Faith

14 September, 202413 September, 2024Marissa

Romans is one of my favorite books in the Bible. I think it’s because there’s so much depth to it. I like the challenge of reading the book and interpreting it correctly, as well as the profound and encouraging truth contained in this letter. One of the things that makes Romans unique is that Paul was writing to a church he hadn’t visited. It’s an introduction rather than a letter that addresses specific issues he knew about in a congregation. As such, Romans includes statements where Paul explains his theology and his responsibilities as an apostle. The statement that caught my eye and prompted today’s study is found at the beginning of the letter.

From Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God.This gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy scriptures, concerning his Son who was a descendant of David with reference to the flesh,who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power according to the Holy Spirit by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. Through him we have received grace and our apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name. You also are among them, called to belong to Jesus Christ.To all those loved by God in Rome, called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!
Romans 1:1-7, NET

The specific phrase I want to look at today is “the obedience of faith.” Often, we modern people think of faith as a belief system that we intellectually agree with rather than something that requires obedient action. We make a mistake if we think like that. Faith is an active thing and it’s inextricably linked with obeying God.

Image of five bibles open on a table with people's hands resting on the pages. This image is overlaid with text from Romans 1:17, NET version: "“For the righteousness of God is revealed in the gospel from faith to faith, just as it is written, ‘The righteous by faith will live.’” — Image by Inbetween from Lightstock

To Bring About Obedience

Through him we have received grace and our apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name.
Romans 1:5, NET

As with much of Romans, the phrase “obedience of faith” has generated scholarly debate about the correct interpretation. Some say that it means obeying “the Christian faith” and others that it means “the obedience faith produces [or requires].” It could also be “an attributive genitive (‘believing obedience’)” or a case where “‘faith’ further defines ‘obedience.’” Finally, the phrase could be “deliberately ambiguous” (NET footnote on Rom. 1:5). As you’ll see, I tend to favor the “obedience faith produces/requires” interpretation.

One thing I find very interesting is that Paul says they received grace and their apostleship “to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles.” People often say that Romans is Paul’s explanation for why Gentiles (e.g. non-Jewish people) who believe in Jesus as the Messiah don’t have to obey the law. But from the very start of this letter, Paul points out that being a faithful Gentile involves obedience. We can debate exactly what they’re obeying and how to read this phrase, but the link between faith and obedience is unmistakable. And this isn’t the only time Paul mentions it. He circles back to a very similar phrase near the end of the letter.

But I have written more boldly to you on some points so as to remind you, because of the grace given to me by God to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles. I serve the gospel of God like a priest, so that the Gentiles may become an acceptable offering, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.

So I boast in Christ Jesus about the things that pertain to God. For I will not dare to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me in order to bring about the obedience of the Gentiles, by word and deed, in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Spirit of God. So from Jerusalem even as far as Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.
Romans 15:15-19, NET

Once again, Paul says that he received grace from God to be a minister to the Gentiles. His goal is that they become sanctified–holy and set-apart for God. He also says the goal of the wonderous things that Christ accomplished through him was “to bring about the obedience of the Gentiles.” Faith isn’t mentioned here, leaving what they’re to obey open to interpretation if we haven’t read the rest of the letter. If we have read the whole letter, though, then we have a pretty good idea as to what Paul means when he says obedience.

Back at the beginning of the letter, Paul says that God “will reward each one according to his works:eternal life to those who by perseverance in good works seek glory and honor and immortality, but wrath and anger to those who live in selfish ambition and do not obey the truth but follow unrighteousness” (Rom. 2:6-7, bold italics mark a quotation from Ps. 62:12 and Prov. 24:12). If we want eternal life, then we need to obey the truth, follow righteousness, and do good works. This “obedience of faith” is so important that Paul ends the letter with the phrase as well as beginning it.

Now to him who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that had been kept secret for long ages, but now is disclosed, and through the prophetic scriptures has been made known to all the nations, according to the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith—to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, be glory forever! Amen.
Romans 16:25-27, NET

Image of a woman looking up at the sky overlaid with text from Rev. 14:12, NET version: “This requires the steadfast endurance of the saints—those who obey God’s commandments and hold to their faith in Jesus.” — Image by Brightside Creative from Lightstock

Righteousness and Faith

Reading Romans as a whole gives us a fuller picture of Paul’s view of faith, obedience, and the law of God than we could ever get from taking just a few verses in isolation. He does say we’re “not under the law,” but in saying that he doesn’t mean we shouldn’t obey God. Paul sets up the question of obedience for Christians as a choice between two masters. We don’t get the option to not obey someone. Either we’re obeying and serving God or we’re obeying and serving His adversary.

So you too consider yourselves dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.

Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its desires, and do not present your members to sin as instruments to be used for unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead and your members to God as instruments to be used for righteousness. For sin will have no mastery over you, because you are not under law but under grace.

What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? Absolutely not! Do you not know that if you present yourselves as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or obedience resulting in righteousness?But thanks be to God that though you were slaves to sin, you obeyed from the heart that pattern of teaching you were entrusted to, and having been freed from sin, you became enslaved to righteousness.
Romans 6:11-18, NET

We’re not under the penalty of the law or under a covenant that’s only based on an external law. We’re under grace and under a covenant where God puts His law inside our hearts. God has taken things to another level with the New Covenant, and our “obedience resulting in righteousness” has to come “from the heart.”

For Moses writes about the righteousness that is by the law: “The one who does these things will live by them.”But the righteousness that is by faith says … “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart” (that is, the word of faith that we preach), because if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.For with the heart one believes and thus has righteousness and with the mouth one confesses and thus has salvation.For the scripture says, “Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.”For there is no distinction between the Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, who richly blesses all who call on him. For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.

How are they to call on one they have not believed in? And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them?And how are they to preach unless they are sent? …Consequently faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word of Christ.
Romans 10:5, 8-15, 17, NET (bold italics mark quotations from Lev. 18:5; Deut. 30:14; Is. 28:16; Joel 2:32)

Notice that when Paul explains “the righteousness that is by the law” and “the righteousness that is by faith,” he quotes from the Torah both times (first from Leviticus and then from Deuteronomy). God has always wanted a heart-connection with His people. He’s been setting things up so we could get to an intimate relationship with Him from the very beginning, but it wasn’t widely possible until Jesus’s sacrifice enabled forgiveness and reconciliation to God (note that some people, like King David, did have close relationships with God and received forgiveness in the Old Testament, but they were still waiting on the Messiah to fully accomplish the promised salvation [2 Sam. 12:13; Acts 4:11-12; 13:22; Heb. 11:39-40]).

Relational Obedience

Image of a woman reading the Bible, overlaid with blog's title text and the words, "One of the messages Paul emphasized in his letters to believers is that faith is linked to obedience." — Image by Pearl from Lightstock

God wants us to live righteous lives because we have a relationship with Him built on hearing His word and responding in faith, not because we think we can save ourselves by doing the things the law says. We can’t earn salvation by any of our own efforts, but when we receive the gift of salvation we’re supposed to respond in a certain way. In the first century, “grace” was a reciprocal concept–if you received such a great gift, then you owed the giver your loyalty even though you can’t pay back the debt. Similarly, “faith” was an active thing that involved living your whole life with trust, obedience, loyalty, and commitment to the covenant relationship you have with God.

We can see evidence of this perspective sprinkled throughout the New Testament. When “a large group of priests” started believing in Jesus as the Messiah, it’s said they “became obedient to the faith” (Acts 6:7, NET). When the author of Hebrews talks about Abraham’s example of faith, it says he demonstrated that faith by obeying God (Heb. 11:8). And in Revelation, “the saints” are defined as people “who obey God’s commandments and hold to their faith in Jesus” (Rev. 14:12, NET). Obedience and faith are inextricably linked.

You know that from your empty way of life inherited from your ancestors you were ransomed—not by perishable things like silver or gold, but by precious blood like that of an unblemished and spotless lamb, namely Christ. He was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was manifested in these last times for your sake. Through him you now trust in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God.

You have purified your souls by obeying the truth in order to show sincere mutual love. So love one another earnestly from a pure heart.You have been born anew, not from perishable but from imperishable seed, through the living and enduring word of God.
1 Peter 1:18-23, NET

Salvation, forgiveness, redemption, purification–all of that can only be accomplished through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. But we aren’t just passive recipients of those gifts. When Paul said, “with the heart one believes and thus has righteousness and with the mouth one confesses and thus has salvation” (Rom. 10:10, NET), the word “believes” is translated from pisteou–the verb (action) form of pistis, which is the Greek word translated “faith.” When you read “belief” or “believe” in the New Testament, it’s the action-word version of “faith.” We don’t even have that concept in English–faith is a noun (person, place, or thing) rather than something you do–but “faithing” is a key part of scripture. The work that God is doing in us to accomplish salvation is participatory, and that participation involves obedience (John 14:15; Phil. 1:27; 2:12-13; Gal. 6:7-9; 2 Pet. 1:5-10). Paul knew that, and he made sure his readers did as well. The obedience of faith is a vital aspect to walking with God.

Featured image by Matt Vasquez from Lightstock

Song Recommendation: “Faith is Not A Feeling” by Josh Wilson

Of Plumb Lines, Tin, and Mistranslated Scriptures

7 September, 20246 September, 2024Marissa

Sometimes, we see something in scripture that we really like. A specific word or phrase in a specific translation speaks to us, and we get excited about that phrase. For example, in the KJV Proverbs 29:18 says, “Where there is no vision the people perish.” I’ve heard quite a few people use that to say that if we can’t visualize our end goal, we’ll fail. But more modern translations often say something like “prophecy” (LEB), “prophetic vision” (NET), or “revelation” (WEB) because those are closer to the meaning of the Hebrew word chazon (H2377). “Vision” was a perfectly good translation of chazon in 1611 (in the sense of “I’ve seen a vision”), but English meanings have shifted enough that it’s no longer the best word to use and can lead to misinterpretation.

I recently came across another verse where something similar happened. In Amos 7, English translations typically talk about a “plumb line” that God placed in the midst of His people Israel. It’s an analogy that many like. A plumb line is “a line (as of cord) that has at one end a weight (such as a plumb bob) and is used especially to determine verticality” (Merriam-Webster). People have taken this analogy and run with it, and you can find dozens of articles and sermons talking about God’s plumb line and wondering if we measure up. But when I read this passage in the New English Translation, they used the word “tin” instead. It’s such a dramatically different translation that I dug into it more to see how that happened and to try and figure out what Amos 7 means.

Image of crumpled tin foil overlaid with text from Amos 7:7-8, NET version: He showed me this: I saw the Lord standing by a tin wall holding tin in his hand.
The Lord said to me, “What do you see, Amos?” I said, “Tin.” The Lord then said,“Look, I am about to place tin among my people Israel. I will no longer overlook their sin.” — Image by Rita Rózsa from Pixabay

How Did We Get to “Pumb Line?”

First, let’s take a look at the Bible verses in question. Here is how it reads in a translation that uses plumb line:

Thus he showed me and behold, the Lord stood beside a wall made by a plumb line, with a plumb line in his hand.Yahweh said to me, “Amos, what do you see?”

I said, “A plumb line.”

Then the Lord said, “Behold, I will set a plumb line in the middle of my people Israel. I will not again pass by them any more. The high places of Isaac will be desolate, the sanctuaries of Israel will be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.”
Amos 7:7-9, WEB

And here it is in the New English Translation:

He showed me this: I saw the Lord standing by a tin wall holding tin in his hand. The Lord said to me, “What do you see, Amos?” I said, “Tin.” The Lord then said,

“Look, I am about to place tin among my people Israel.
I will no longer overlook their sin.
Isaac’s centers of worship will become desolate;
Israel’s holy places will be in ruins.
I will attack Jeroboam’s dynasty with the sword.”
Amos 7:7-9, NET

Obviously, these are two very different translations that lead to very different interpretations of this verse. Thankfully, the NET is very good about documenting the translators’ choices and sharing the reasoning behind them in footnotes. Here’s part of what they say about the tin vs. plumb line translation:

The Hebrew word אֲנָךְ (ʾanakh), “tin,” occurs only in this passage (twice in verse 7 and twice in verse 8). The meaning “tin” is based on its Akkadian cognate annaku. The traditional interpretation of these verses (reflected in many English versions) assumed that אֲנָךְ meant “lead.” Since lead might be used for a plumb line, and a plumb line might be used when building wall, the “lead” wall was assumed to be a wall built “true to plumb” while God holds a “lead” weighted plumb line in his hand. In this view the plumb line represents a standard of evaluation. This understanding developed before Akkadian was deciphered and the type of metal clearly identified for annaku. (In Hebrew “lead” is עֹפֶרֶת; ʿoferet.)
NET footnote on Amos 7:7

One of my go-to Hebrew dictionaries confirms that the “plumb line” translation is based on the assumption that anak means “plummet, plumb, lead-weight” (BDB; H594). It still seems like quite a leap to go from a word that you think means “lead” to translating it as “plumb line.” I guess translators didn’t think lead on its own made sense, so they tried to think of what lead might be used for in the context of a wall. Since lead weights could be used on plumb lines, and plumb lines would be used to make a wall vertical, we ended up with the plumb line translation in Amos 7. But then scholars did more work with the Akkadian language and learned the Hebrew anak most likely means “tin” instead of “lead.” Now we’re back to the problem of figuring out why God would give a prophet a vision of God holding a relatively soft type of metal while standing next to a wall made of the same metal, then say He’s going to put that metal in the midst of His people.

Image of a stone wall overlaid with text from Isaiah 28:16-17, NET version: “Look, I am laying a stone in Zion, an approved stone, set in place as a precious cornerstone for the foundation. The one who maintains his faith will not panic. I will make justice the measuring line, fairness the plumb line.” — Image by meineresterampe from Pixabay

What Might “Tin” Mean?

If “plumb line” changes to “tin,” then the traditional interpretations of this scripture don’t make sense anymore. Assuming that “tin” is the correct translation, what could it mean? The NET footnote suggests a few possibilities:

Some view the tin wall and piece of tin as symbolic. If the tin wall of the vision symbolizes Israel, it may suggest weakness and vulnerability to judgment. … Their citadels, of which the nation was so proud and confident, are nothing more than tin fortresses. Various proposals depend on selecting some quality about tin and suggesting a role for that in this context. However, it is more likely that this is a case of a sound play like the next vision in Amos 8:1-2 (see also Jer 1:11-14). With the presentation technique of a sound play, the vision is not the prophecy, only the occasion for the prophecy. God gets the prophet to say a certain sound and then spins the prophecy off that. See the note at 7:8.
NET footnote on Amos 7:7

The sound play isn’t something you can easily translate, so it’s hard to see it when we read Amos in English. The NET translators hint at it by rhyming “tin” with “sin” (“Look, I am about to place tin among my people Israel. I will no longer overlook their sin” [Amos 7:8, NET]), but it’s still not obvious unless you either read Hebrew or have resources like the NET Bible to point out what’s happening in the original language.

While the sound play does sound like a reasonable explanation, the possible interpretation linked to characteristics of tin also makes sense in context. Amos 7:7-9 is just one of three visions that the Lord shows Amos in sequence. The first two both involve Yahweh revealing a judgement against Israel, first a plague of locusts and then one of consuming fire. Both times, Amos begs for a reprieve because Israel is too “small” or “weak” to withstand such punishment. Both times, Yahweh decides not to use that punishment (Amos 7:1-6). It could be that the weakness of tin is linked with the weakness that Amos identifies in Israel. Though Israel is weak, the Lord “will no longer overlook their sin” and eventually the holy places and kings will be destroyed (Amos 7:7-9).

Are There Any “Plumb Line” Scriptures?

Image of a pendulum weight on a chain overlaid with blog's title text and the words, "How do we respond when we learn that a Bible verse means something different than we first thought?" — Image from Pixabay

If you really liked the “plum line” analogy, you might find it disappointing to learn about the “tin” translation. But there is one other verse where “plumb line” is a good translation.

Therefore the Lord Yahweh says, “Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone of a sure foundation. He who believes shall not act hastily. I will make justice the measuring line, and righteousness the plumb line. The hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters will overflow the hiding place.”
Isaiah 28:16-17, WEB

Here, “plumb line” is translated from mishqeleth. It means “level, leveling tool or instrument, plummet” (BDB; H4949). It’s a tool used in building, which makes sense because the context is Yahweh laying the Messiah as the foundation stone for the house He planned to build with the New Covenant church (Eph. 2:20; 1 Pet. 2:5-7).

Yahweh measures the house He’s building using instruments of justice and righteousness. We can still say that He places a plumb line in His people and expects us to measure up to His standards; we just shouldn’t use Amos 7 as the scriptural support for that idea.

As we discussed last week, all scripture is God-breathed. Sometimes, though, the involvement of fallible human beings–or even just the natural evolution of language–can muddy the meaning, especially in translation. If we learn that there’s a more accurate translation of a scripture that’s closer to the original intent, then that’s the one we should go with. We shouldn’t just accept any new interpretation blindly, but with careful investigation and prayer it’s usually possible to discern which translation(s) are more accurate when there’s a significant difference between them.

Featured image by Cloé Gérard from Pixabay

Song Recommendation: “Word of God Speak” by MercyMe

When God Breathes

31 August, 202430 August, 2024Marissa

There are a few verses that talk about God’s breath. In 2 Timothy 3:26, Paul makes a famous statement about scripture. He says, “Every scripture is inspired by God and useful for teaching, for reproof, correction, and for training in righteousness” (NET). Some translations use the more literal wording, “Every Scripture is God-breathed” (WEB). Another well-known verse describes God breathing life into Adam at creation, making him a living being.

The “God-breathed” translation of 2 Timothy 3:26 is what caught my eye to study this week, but there’s a lot more to this topic than I’d first realized. In both Greek and Hebrew, the words for breath are also connected to spirit and life. Amazing things happen when God breathes into something or breathes something out.

Life in the Word

In 2 Timothy 3:26, the Greek word translated “inspired by God” or “God-breathed” is theopneustos: theos (God) + pneo (breathe, blow). This is the only time that compound word is used in the Bible. Theos is, obviously, used frequently. Pneo is a verb that appears eight times, always in reference to literal wind blowing (Matt. 7:25, 27; Luke 12:55; John 3:8; 6:18; Acts 27:40; Rev. 7:1). In one of those verses, though, Jesus references wind to make a point about the spirit.

“Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must all be born from above.’The wind blows (pneo) wherever it will, and you hear the sound it makes, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going. So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit (pneuma).”
John 3:7-8, NET

Pneo is the root word for pneuma, which is translated into English as “spirit” and appears 385 times in the New Testament. Usually, the word refers to God’s holy spirit or to the spirit in human beings, though it can also be translated “wind” or “breath.” If you’re like me, then this line of thought might have you thinking of a verse way back in Genesis.

The Lord God formed the man from the soil of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.
Genesis 2:7, NET

This is another place where God breathed into something. In the first verse we looked at, He breathed out scriptures. In this verse, He’s breathing into man and turning him into a living being. This particular Hebrew phrase “breath of life” (nishmat khayyim) only appears here, but nishamah shows up in other places as well. This surprised me; I thought the only word for spirit/breath/wind was ruach (roughly equivalent to Greek pneuma) and the only word for soul/living thing/breathe was nephesh (roughly equivalent to Greek psuche). The Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament states that neshama “is frequently found in combination with ruah ‘spirit’ and seems synonymous with nepesh” (TWOT entry 1433a) (see Job 27:3; 33:4; Ecc. 12:7; Is 42:5; Dan. 5:23).

The Spirit (ruach) of God has made me,
and the breath (neshamah) of the Almighty gives me life.
Job 33:4, NET

There is life in God’s breath. Interestingly, there’s also a strong connection between life and the God-breathed scriptures. In the Old Testament, God revealed that His words bring life to people (Deut. 8:3; 32:46-47; Prov. 4:4). Jesus even quoted one of those verses when resisting Satan’s temptation, saying, “Man does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God” (Matt. 4:4, NET). Other New Testament verses talk about the spirit and word as living, life-giving forces (John 6:63; Heb. 4:12; 1 Peter 1:23). There’s something special and uniquely powerful about God-breathed words and the life that God breathes into humanity.

Image of a waterfall flowing over rocks overlaid with text from John 6:63, NRSVA version: "“It is the spirit that gives life; the flesh is useless. The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life.” — Image by Ivelin Donchev from Pixabay

Come To the Word

As I started pondering God-breathed words, another passage that I’ve been meaning to study came to mind. This passage doesn’t talk about breath specifically, but it does talk about the words that come out of God’s mouth.

“For my thoughts are not your thoughts,
    and your ways are not my ways,” says Yahweh.
“For as the heavens are higher than the earth,
    so are my ways higher than your ways,
    and my thoughts than your thoughts.
For as the rain comes down and the snow from the sky,
    and doesn’t return there, but waters the earth,
    and makes it grow and bud,
    and gives seed to the sower and bread to the eater;
so is my word that goes out of my mouth:
    it will not return to me void,
    but it will accomplish that which I please,
    and it will prosper in the thing I sent it to do.
Isaiah 55:8-11, WEB

I think this passage helps us see another connection between the two God-breathed verses (Gen. 2:7 with God breathing life into man and 2 Tim. 3:26 with Him breathing out scriptures). God has breathed out His words and breathed life into us; what happens when these two God-breathed things meet? In other words, when you (who have life because God breathed into humanity) encounter the words that God breathes out of His mouth, what happens?

Image of a waterfall, overlaid with blog's title text and the words, "Amazing things happen when God breathes into something or breathes something out." — Image by Jon Pauling from Pixabay

God says that His word “will not return to me void, but it will accomplish that which I please, and it will prosper in the thing I sent it to do.” Another possible translation would be, “it accomplishes what I desire, and succeeds in what I commission it with” (NET footnote on Is. 55:11). God’s word will have the effect that He desires. But when His word comes to us, He doesn’t force us to do things against our will. If we don’t respond, His word can go prosper in someone else who’s more willing to listen. That’s what happened for the Jewish people who rejected Jesus as the Messiah (Acts 13:45-46; Rom. 11).

You people have never heard his voice nor seen his form at any time,nor do you have his word residing in you, because you do not believe the one whom he sent. You study the scriptures thoroughly because you think in them you possess eternal life, and it is these same scriptures that testify about me, but you are not willing to come to me so that you may have life.
John 5:37-40, NET

Scriptures by themselves don’t give full and abundant life. For that, we also need a relationship with the One who breathed the scriptures–with the Word of God (John 1:1-5, 14) who is also the Word of life (1 John 1:1) and “has the words of eternal life” (Jn. 6:68).

Scripture is God-breathed. Our physical lives are God-breathed. If we want eternal life, we need God to breathe into us again, making His words, spirit, and life part of us. And we need to respond to His work in us, making sure that His word doesn’t end up “void” in us because of our apathy, neglect, or hostility. By responding to God’s breathed-out words and the life He’s breathing into humanity in the right way, we strengthen our relationship with Him and participate in the redemptive, transforming work that He’s doing here on earth.

Featured image by Karl Egger from Pixabay