Today’s post is the third in a three-part series. In these posts, we’re looking at the introductions of Paul’s epistles and examining how Paul talks about himself, how Paul talks about God, and how Paul talks about us in the introductions to his letters. We’re focusing on the epistles he wrote to church communities rather than the pastoral epistles (Timothy, Titus) or the letter to an individual (Philemon). This series also excludes Hebrews since there’s a good chance Paul wasn’t the author. That means we have nine letters to look at: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, and 2 Thessalonians.
In this post, we’re looking at how Paul describes his readers and, by extension, us today. I’ve found it fascinating to look at how he addresses his readers and what he emphasizes about who they are and what they’re doing.
The Church of God
Five of these letters are addressed, “to the church” of God in a specific city or the “churches” in a region (1 Cor. 1:2; 2 Cor. 1:1; Gal. 1:2; 1 Thes. 1:1; 2 Thes. 1:1). Others are addressed “to the saints” of a specific city (Rom. 1:7; Eph. 1:1; Phil. 1:1; Col. 1:2). Let’s take a look at the Greek words translated “church” and “saints,” since they mean something a little different than we might expect from the use of those English words.
“Church” in the New Testament is translated from the Greek word ekklesia (G1577). It might also be translated “assembly” (as it is in the WEB version). The English word “church” carries the connotation of a building where people gather or an organization that people belong to, but ekklesia emphasized the aspect of people gathering together. The basic meaning is “a gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some public place, an assembly” (Thayer’s dictionary). Hence, the church is God’s called-out people that He assembles together.
“Saints” is translated from the Greek word haggios (G40). It is also commonly translated “holy” and refers to “a most holy thing” (Thayer’s dictionary). At it’s heart, the “fundamental idea is separation, consecration, devotion to the service of Deity, sharing in God’s purity and abstaining from earth’s defilement” (Zodhiates’s dictionary). God’s temple was holy because it was set apart for sacred use. Similarly, God’s people are holy because they’re separated from the common or impure things and devoted to Him. By calling us the church of God and the saints, Paul focuses on God’s work bringing us out of the world into fellowship with each other and Him, and on our distinctiveness as a group devoted to God.
Called By God and Belonging to Jesus
This point is very closely connected to the first one, since we are “called to be saints” (Rom. 1:7, 1 Cor. 1:2, NET) as part of the church/assembly of God. This also means we are “called to belong to Jesus Christ” (Rom. 1:6, NET) and “called into fellowship with” Jesus Christ (1 Cor. 1:9, NET). Romans and 1 Corinthians are the only letters that use the “called” wording in the introduction, but others echo similar sentiments with phrases like “chosen” (1 Thes. 1:4) and “claimed.”
For he chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world that we should be holy and blameless before him in love. He did this by predestining us to adoption as his legal heirs through Jesus Christ, according to the pleasure of his will …
In Christ we too have been claimed as God’s own possession, since we were predestined according to the purpose of him who accomplishes all things according to the counsel of his will so that we, who were the first to set our hope on Christ, would be to the praise of his glory.
Ephesians 1:4-5, 11-12, NET
Paul also refers to his readers as those “who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours” (1 Cor. 1:2, NET). We are called-out of the world and into God’s family by God, and as such we can call on the name of our Lord. We’re identified, both in the Pauline introductions and throughout New Testament writings, by our association with Jesus Christ. This in no way diminishes the Father, who is the one calling us. Rather, properly acknowledging Jesus as Lord and knowing that we belong to Him glorifies the Father (Phil. 2:8-11).
Rescued By God
Once we’re called by God and join His people, our identities become connected with Him. As such, many of the things Paul says about us in the introductions to his letters have to do with how God sees us and what He does for us. When Paul talks about his readers, he doesn’t focus on things like their gender, wealth, or nationalities (though those topics come up in the letters). He focuses on who they are now that they are God’s people. For example, because of the God who called us and the Lord that we follow, we are sanctified (i.e. made holy), rescued, and redeemed.
to the church of God that is in Corinth, to those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, and called to be saints, with all those in every place who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, their Lord and ours.
1 Corinthians 1:2, NET
Grace and peace to you from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ, who gave himself for our sins to rescue us from this present evil age according to the will of our God and Father, to whom be glory forever and ever! Amen.
Galatians 1:3-5, NET
In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our offenses, according to the riches of his grace
Ephesians 1:7, NET
We are who we are now by the grace of God the Father and the sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ. This works hand-in-hand with our identity as God’s church, God’s called out ones, and the people who belong to Jesus. It’s a theme Paul expands on throughout his letters (1 Cor 6:19-20; Eph. 2:4-10, for example).
Loved and Blessed
Paul addressed Romans, “To all those loved by God in Rome” (Rom. 1:7, NET) and 1 Thessalonians to “brothers and sisters loved by God” (1 Thes. 1:4, NET). God has deep feelings for us; it was His love that drove Him to save us and call us into His family. Now that we are His, He exercises great care over us. Paul mentions several of the ways that we benefit from God’s great love in the introductions to His letters.
I always thank my God for you because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ Jesus. For you were made rich in every way in him, in all your speech and in every kind of knowledge—just as the testimony about Christ has been confirmed among you—so that you do not lack any spiritual gift as you wait for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ. He will also strengthen you to the end, so that you will be blameless on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. God is faithful, by whom you were called into fellowship with his son, Jesus Christ our Lord.
1 Corinthians 1:4-9, NET
God “has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly realms” (Eph. 1:3, NET). The abundance of blessings that God piles on us is boundless and amazing. He’s not at all stingy with His riches, gifting us liberally, primarily spiritually but also in many physical things. Some of these blessings even prompt us to action as God’s people. For example, we are recipients of God’s comfort and therefore we can comfort other people (2 Cor. 1:3-5).
Faithful Participants

Even when talking about us, much of Paul’s emphasis is on the work that God’s doing. But he also spends quite a bit of time talking about our response to that work. As a result of who God has made us and what He’s doing in our lives, we become participants.
We always give thanks to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, when we pray for you, since we heard about your faith in Christ Jesus and the love that you have for all the saints. Your faith and love have arisen from the hope laid up for you in heaven, which you have heard about in the message of truth, the gospel that has come to you. Just as in the entire world this gospel is bearing fruit and growing, so it has also been bearing fruit and growing among you from the first day you heard it and understood the grace of God in truth.
Colossians 1:3-6, NET
For Paul, faith in Jesus results in action, such as bearing fruit and growing. Several of his introductions mention his readers’ faith. He addressed Colossians to “the saints, the faithful brothers and sisters in Christ” (Col. 1:2, NET). In Ephesians, he called them, “the faithful in Christ Jesus” (Eph. 1:1, NET) and speaks of the time when they “heard the word of truth (the gospel of your salvation)—when you believed in Christ” (Eph. 1:13, NET). (Note: “believed” is translated from the verb-form of the Greek noun translated “faith.”)
We thank God always for all of you as we mention you constantly in our prayers, because we recall in the presence of our God and Father your work of faith and labor of love and endurance of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ. …
And you became imitators of us and of the Lord, when you received the message with joy that comes from the Holy Spirit, despite great affliction. As a result you became an example to all the believers in Macedonia and in Achaia.
1 Thessalonians 1:2-3, 6-7 NET
Faith in the New Testament isn’t just an intellectual or emotional thing; it’s very active. When we have real faith, it’s working and doing good. We’ll be imitating the Lord, loving other people, and staying hopeful even as we endure trials. Flourishing faith perseveres and loves (2 Thes. 1:3-4). It also prompts us to be active participants in the gospel that we’ve believed.
I always pray with joy in my every prayer for all of you because of your participation in the gospel from the first day until now. For I am sure of this very thing, that the one who began a good work in you will perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus. For it is right for me to think this about all of you, because I have you in my heart, since both in my imprisonment and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel all of you became partners in God’s grace together with me.
Philippians 1:4-7, NET
God is the driving force behind our faith, the one who makes everything we accomplish as Christians possible, and the one accomplishing our transformation into His covenant people. But we have a role as well. Faith is active, the gospel demands participation, and even God’s grace invites us to be partners with Him rather than just passive recipients.
There is a lot worth studying in Paul’s letters, and we’ve seen that even the introductions hold a lot of depth. Studying the first things that Paul says about himself, God the Father and Jesus our Lord, and his readers helps us understand how central God is to our identities as Christians. It is also very encouraging and uplifting to see Paul’s humility, his awe of God, and the good things he says about his readers. As we join those readers each time we reread his letters, let’s try to see ourselves the way Paul sees us and follow the Lord as faithfully as he encouraged his first-century readers to.
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