What Does It Mean to Make Known the Multifaceted Wisdom of God?

A couple weeks ago, my father-in-law gave a sermon about the spiritual origins or influences behind conflicts we face. Of course, he went to the verse that’s very familiar to anyone studying spiritual warfare: “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens” (Eph. 6:12, NET). We look at this verse quite a bit in my Study Guide: Armor of God.

In this sermon, though, he also looked at other places in Ephesians where Paul uses the words “rulers” and “powers,” which are also translated “principalities” and “authorities.” I hadn’t realized that this was a theme in the letter, and one of the verses in particular caught my eye for further study.

The purpose of this enlightenment is that through the church the multifaceted wisdom of God should now be disclosed to the rulers and the authorities in the heavenly realms.

Ephesians 3:10, NET

That’s the sort of verse it’s easy to read over, but if you stop and think about what Paul’s saying it’s mind-blowing. There’s something happening in the church that supposed to disclose “the multifaceted wisdom of God” to “the rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms.” That’s a staggering thing to think about. I’ve never thought of myself as being part of showing God’s manifold, multifaceted, many-sided wisdom to powers in the heavens.

What Are the Rulers and Authorities?

You all know by now that I’m a word nerd, so let’s start with some definitions. The Greek word translated “principalities” or “rulers” is arche (G746). There’s a variety of meanings, including beginning, origin, person that commences something, or the active cause. For example, Jesus is described as the arche of creation (Rev. 3:14). The word also means the “first place, principality, rule, or magistracy,” and that’s the sense in which it may be used “of angels and demons” (Thayer’s Dictionary). If that seems like a confusing variety of meanings, just think of how we use “first” in English. If we say someone is “first,” context determines if they arrived first, did something first, or are first in importance.

The Greek word for “powers” or “authorities” is exousia (G1849). This refers to the power to do something, like make choices, do “as one pleases,” exercise authority, rule or govern, and make others submit (Thayer’s Definition). It “combine[s] the two ideas of right and might” (Zodhiates). It refers to having the power/might to accomplish something and the right/authority to go ahead and choose whether to use that power. There are levels of authority. For example, Jesus was given all exousia in heaven and earth (Matt. 28:18). There are other powers, but Jesus is over all of them. That’s the first thing Paul establishes regarding the topic of principalities and powers in Ephesians.

 he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly realms far above every rule and authority and power and dominion and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. And God put all things under Christ’s feet, and gave him to the church as head over all things. Now the church is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all.

Ephesians 1:20-23, NET (italics mark an  allusion to Ps 8:6)

That’s the first thing we need to understand about rulers and authorities, both earthly and heavenly. They’re all subservient to Jesus; He is “far above” even the most powerful of them. He’s the one heading the church, which is the whole group of called-out people that make up His body. We used to live “according to this world’s present path, according to the ruler (archo, derived from arche) of the domain (exousia) of the air, the ruler of the spirit that is now energizing the sons of disobedience” (Eph. 2:2, NET). But God called us out from under that authority and placed us into His son’s body for a purpose.

But God, being rich in mercy, because of his great love with which he loved us, even though we were dead in offenses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you are saved!—and he raised us up together with him and seated us together with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, to demonstrate in the coming ages the surpassing wealth of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace you are saved through faith, and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God; it is not from works, so that no one can boast. For we are his creative work, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works that God prepared beforehand so we can do them.

Ephesians 2:4-10, NET

If you read last week’s post, you might remember that God sometimes takes action on behalf of His people to prove His holiness. Even if His people aren’t representing Him as holy, He still acts with respect for His own name and moves to prove Himself holy in the eyes of those watching. That includes His own people, those of other nations, and the spiritual principalities and powers that we’re talking about today.

God’s Great Wisdom

In spiritual terms, all those who respond to God’s call and enter a committed covenant relationship with Him become citizens of His kingdom, and those who aren’t yet in covenant with Him belong to other nations. This is the case regardless of your ethnic background or physical citizenship. In many of Paul’s letters, he addresses this topic in relation to Jews (historically part of God’s covenant people) and Gentiles (all other nations).

When reading this, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of Christ (which was not disclosed to people in former generations as it has now been revealed to his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit), namely, that through the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs, fellow members of the body, and fellow partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus. I became a servant of this gospel according to the gift of God’s grace that was given to me by the exercise of his power. To me—less than the least of all the saints—this grace was given, to proclaim to the Gentiles the unfathomable riches of Christ and to enlighten everyone about God’s secret plan—the mystery that has been hidden for ages in God who has created all things. The purpose of this enlightenment is that through the church the multifaceted wisdom of God should now be disclosed to the rulers and the authorities in the heavenly realms. This was according to the eternal purpose that he accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord, in whom we have boldness and confident access to God by way of Christ’s faithfulness.

Ephesians 3:4-12, NET

Paul describes the way God works with people in the New Covenant as “the mystery of Christ,” “the unfathomable riches of Christ,” and “God’s secret plan.” It’s an incredible thing that God is still working with a specific group of people, just like He was in the Old Testament. It’s even more amazing that who’s in that group today has nothing to do with your physical heritage. It’s about God choosing you and you choosing to follow Him. It was God’s plan from the beginning to bring human beings into His family, and now that Jesus came in the flesh, died for our sins, and inaugurated the New Covenant the plan is clearer than ever before.

With that incredible fact established, Paul then says “the purpose” of enlightening others about this plan “is that through the church the multifaceted wisdom of God should now be disclosed to the rulers (arche) and the authorities (exousia) in the heavenly realms.” The word translated “multifaceted” is polupoikilos (G4182). In the New Testament, it only appears in this particular verse. It means “much variegated, marked with a variety of colors,” such as in “cloth or a painting” (Thayer). It can also mean “manifold, multifarious, greatly diversified, [and] abounding in variety” (Zodhiates). God’s wisdom isn’t one-dimensional or limited. It’s also not like human thought patterns.

“For my thoughts are not your thoughts,
    and your ways are not my ways,” says Yahweh.
“For as the heavens are higher than the earth,
    so are my ways higher than your ways,
    and my thoughts than your thoughts.”

Isaiah 55:8-9, WEB

Living With the Wisdom of God

A few years ago, I did a series of blog posts on James’s definition for “the wisdom that is from above.” He said that this wisdom “is first pure, then peaceful, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy” (Jas. 3:17, WEB). This is a description of God’s multifaceted wisdom, though likely not a full description.

Oh the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how unfathomable his ways!

Romans 11:33, NET

We’re never going to understand everything about God, but we’re called to study Him and get to know Him better anyway. We can grow toward perfect understanding and imitation of Him, though we know we won’t completely achieve being “like Him” until after Jesus’s return and our transformation (1 Cor. 15:50-53; 1 John 3:1-3). His wisdom is incredibly complex, but we have the opportunity to witness His wisdom, to be examples of how He wisely interacts with humanity, and even to learn how to use His wisdom in our own lives (1 Cor. 2).

 I do not cease to give thanks for you when I remember you in my prayers. I pray that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, will give you spiritual wisdom and revelation in your growing knowledge of him,—since the eyes of your heart have been enlightened—so that you can know what is the hope of his calling, what is the wealth of his glorious inheritance in the saints, and what is the incomparable greatness of his power toward us who believe, as displayed in the exercise of his immense strength

Ephesians 1:16-19, NET

This is one of Paul’s prayers for the church; it’s very similar to another in Colossians 1:9-12. One of Paul’s priorities when praying for God’s people was that God would continue to give wisdom, revelation, and knowledge to them. God’s wisdom growing in us is connected with understanding His calling and the inheritance He offers us as His people. We’re participating in the great mystery, the incredible plan of God whereby He brings human beings into His spiritual family. The way that He works in us–and the way we respond to His work in us–show the rulers and authorities how wise God is. Our lives, and the church that we’re all a part of, ought to demonstrate that God’s way works. He really can do what He says.

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