We begin this year’s fall holy days today (Sept. 16, 2023) with Yom Teruah, the Day of Trumpets (also called Rosh Hoshana). When I think of this holy day, one of the things that comes to mind is a choir song called “With The Sound of Trumpets” that I’ve sung a few times over the years when I was involved in church choirs. It’s a majestic, beautiful song based on passages in 1 Thessalonians and Revelation that describe Jesus returning to earth with trumpet blasts.
The Day of Trumpets is probably the holy day that we know the least about. In Leviticus 23, where God outlines all the holy days for Moses and the people of ancient Israel, He simply says this: “Speak to the children of Israel, saying, ‘In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, there shall be a solemn rest for you, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation. You shall do no regular work. You shall offer an offering made by fire to Yahweh’” (Lev. 23:23-25, WEB). The word “trumpet” or “horn” actually doesn’t appear in the Hebrew. It could more literally be translated “a memorial of loud blasts,” though horn/shofar sounds are what is likely being referenced (NET footnote). The word teruah can include battle cries, shouts of alarm or joy, and blasts of trumpets (BDB H8643).
Numbers adds a little more detail to the instructions for Day of Trumpets, but most of that is focused on the burnt offering and grain offering associated with the holy day. Each of the holy days had specific offerings/sacrifices connected with them. For Trumpets, it was “one young bull, one ram, and seven lambs one year old without blemish” for the burnt offering, each accompanied by a grain offering of “finely ground flour mixed with olive oil.” Then, there was “one male goat for a purification offering to make an atonement for you.” And since Trumpets always falls on the first day of the seventh month in the Hebrew calendar, all this was “in addition to the monthly burnt offering and its grain offering, and the daily burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings as prescribed, as a sweet aroma, a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord” (Num. 29:1-6, NET).
But what about for us, the New Covenant church of God? We should still keep the days that God made holy, because they are important to Him (i.e. they are God’s holy days, not belonging to a single group or time) and because Jesus and His first-century followers kept these days (see “Top 5 Reasons for Christians to Keep God’s Holy Days” and “What Are God’s Holy Days and Why Would We Care?“). However, the sacrifices and offerings in the temple aren’t for us today–Jesus’s perfect sacrifice means there’s no more need for burnt offerings (Heb. 7:26-27; 9:23-10:12). For us, that just leaves, “On the first day of the seventh month, you are to hold a holy assembly. You must not do your ordinary work, for it is a day of blowing trumpets for you” (Num. 29:1, NET).

What Do We Do on the Day of Trumpets?
Aside from the burnt offerings God told Israel to make for each holy day under the Old Covenant, there are three details about the Day of Trumpets that we learn in Leviticus and Numbers.
- This day is “a complete rest” (Lev. 23:24, WEB) when “You must not do your ordinary work” (Num. 29:1, WEB). In other words, it is a Sabbath (the Hebrew word shabbâthôn appears in Leviticus).
- The Day of Trumpets is “a holy assembly” (Lev. 23:24; Num. 29:1, WEB). In Hebrew, this phrase is qôdesh miqrâ’, a meeting time that God has called and which He makes holy.
- This miqra is “a memorial announced by loud horn blasts” (Lev. 23:24, WEB); “it is a day of blowing trumpets for you” (Num. 29:1, WEB). The word translated “loud horn blasts” and “blowing trumpets” is terû‛âh.
In my experience among Sabbath keeping groups, we’ve got the “holy assembly” part down. Every group I’ve attended with has a church service on Day of Trumpets, when we gather as an assembly of believers. Most of us have the Sabbath part down pretty well, too, though I’ve met some who don’t treat this as a day of complete rest. The trumpets part is a little more sporadic; the only group I attended with that consistently blew shofars and shouted with joy on Day of Trumpets was a Messianic group.
I’m consistently puzzled by why it’s not a standard practice among sabbath keepers to blow shofars or trumpets on the Day of Trumpets. I’ve been told that this was just “for Israel” and not us, but we call ourselves spiritual Israel (see Rom. 11) and say that we inherit other parts of the covenant God made with them (though on a higher, spiritual level) so I’m not sure why this would be an exception to that.

Charting the Festival Days
I’ve been thinking a lot recently about a study I did five years ago examining the different Hebrew words for the days that God calls holy to Him. In English, Bible translations might use words like “feast,” “festival,” “assembly,” or “convocation” to translate a few different words, and it’s not always consistent between different translations. This can muddy our understanding of the holy days and the distinctions in how God speaks about them.
For example, we often call all the holy days “feasts” and speak of “Feast of Trumpets” or “Feast of Tabernacles.” But of those two, only Tabernacles is a chag (feast or festival) in Hebrew. Trumpets is a day, yom. Both are mo’ed (appointed seasons). Trumpets and the first day of Tabernacles are miqra (convocations), but not the other six days of Tabernacles (though they’re still part of the chag). The eigth day of/after Tabernacles is a mo’ed, miqra, and atserah (solemn assembly). The only other atserah is the last day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread. We can lose track of these nuances in English.
To help myself keep track of and compare the Lord’s holy times, I made a chart. It lists all the days/observances outlined in Leviticus 23, with extra details drawn from other parts of the Torah, and notes on times the days show up in the New Testament. Here’s a copy of that chart if you’d like to download it:
Looking For The Lord’s Coming

For the spring holy days, it’s easy to find the parallels between Old and New Covenant. Passover pictured God delivering Israel from Egypt, and now it also pictured Jesus giving His life to deliver us from sin. Paul talks about how the Feast of Unleavened Bread pictured putting sin our of our lives and the way to keep the feast on a spiritual level as New Covenant Christians. According to Jewish tradition, Pentecost is the day that God established the Sinai covenant with Israel and delivered the Ten Commandments, then in the New Testament that’s the day He gave the church the Holy Spirit.
The fall holy days are a little less clear; they haven’t been fulfilled yet and Jesus hasn’t explained them to us as clearly as he did the ones connected with His first coming. Traditionally in the churches I attend, we’ve linked the Day of Trumpets with Jesus Christ’s second coming. We also say Atonement pictures God’s triumph over Satan (partly fulfilled by Jesus’s sacrifice), and Tabernacles pictures the millennium spoken of in Revelation and by the prophets. I think those assumptions for what these holy days picture seem reasonable and scripturally supported (but I still like to point out, for accuracy’s sake, that these links aren’t stated directly in the Bible).
Now we do not want you to be uninformed, brothers and sisters, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve like the rest who have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also we believe that God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep as Christians. For we tell you this by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will surely not go ahead of those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord himself will come down from heaven with a shout of command, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive, who are left will be suddenly caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will always be with the Lord. Therefore encourage one another with these words.
1 Thessalonians 4:13-18, NET
Trumpets and loud shouts are consistently linked with the events of Revelation leading up to Jesus’s return and with His second coming to earth (e.g. the seven trumpets of revelation and shouts of “hallelujah” and of warning). While there are arguments about the timing for all this and how it might line-up with holy days, the main thing we should notice is that Jesus is coming back. Like the virgins in Jesus’s parable, who didn’t know exactly when the bridegroom would return and waited for a shout to signal His arrival, we’re also waiting and listening for His return.
As we observe God’s holy Day of Trumpets this year, I pray that our hearts will be attuned and open to what He has to teach us through His special holy days. I pray we’ll reignite our anticipation for Jesus’s return, reminding ourselves that the future God promises us is a wonderful one. Sometimes, I think we can forget how great God’s plan is. We either get discouraged by how bad things are in the world today, or we get so used to it and complacent that we don’t really long for Jesus’s return. But Paul writes that even creation itself eagerly awaits the return of Jesus and our transformation as God’s children (Rom. 8:18-25). We can take comfort in God’s good plan for our future, and we should feel excitement about the prospect of our bridegroom-king returning.
Featured image by StockSnap from Pixabay
Song Recommendation: “With The Sound of Trumpets“















