A couple weeks ago while listening to a sermon, I noticed something about Solomon’s request for wisdom that I’d never realized before. It’s a familiar story: King David’s son Solomon became king in his father’s place, and God came to him in a dream. God told Solomon to ask something of Him, and Solomon asked for wisdom (1 Kings 3).
In Gibeon, Yahweh appeared to Solomon in a dream by night; and God said, “Ask for what I should give you.”
Solomon said, “You have shown to your servant David my father great loving kindness, because he walked before you in truth, in righteousness, and in uprightness of heart with you. You have kept for him this great loving kindness, that you have given him a son to sit on his throne, as it is today. Now, Yahweh my God, you have made your servant king instead of David my father. I am just a little child. I don’t know how to go out or come in. Your servant is among your people which you have chosen, a great people, that can’t be numbered or counted for multitude. Give your servant therefore an understanding heart to judge your people, that I may discern between good and evil; for who is able to judge this great people of yours?”
This request pleased the Lord, that Solomon had asked this thing. God said to him, “Because you have asked this thing, and have not asked for yourself long life, nor have you asked for riches for yourself, nor have you asked for the life of your enemies, but have asked for yourself understanding to discern justice, behold, I have done according to your word. Behold, I have given you a wise and understanding heart, so that there has been no one like you before you, and after you none will arise like you. I have also given you that which you have not asked, both riches and honor, so that there will not be any among the kings like you for all your days. If you will walk in my ways, to keep my statutes and my commandments, as your father David walked, then I will lengthen your days.”
1 Kings 3:5-14, WEB
The part of this story that I hadn’t paid attention to before is why Solomon asked for wisdom. It wasn’t to be the smartest person in the room or so he’d have an advantage in making political decisions. He asked for wisdom so that he could properly judge God’s people; Solomon wanted to govern with justice.
Justice, Judgement, and Governance
In the English language, judgement, government, and justice are separate things. We hope they’re connected, but we don’t see the judicial system or people who govern/rule as inseparably about justice. In Hebrew, though, it’s the same word. The root word shapat (which is used in 1 Kings 3:9, 28) means “to exercise [all] the processes of government” (Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament [TWOT], entry 2443). Ancient understanding didn’t really separate what we think of as different branches of government nor did they separate the law from the lawgiver: “the centering of law, rulership, government in a man was deeply ingrained” (TWOT 2443). This makes perfect sense when we think of God as the Lawgiver and Ruler. The Bible treats His Law as an extension of His character, and a good king of Israel was expected to act as God’s representative in upholding divine law.
The derivative word mishpat (used in 1 Kings 3:11, 28) has “at least thirteen related, but distinct, aspects of the central idea, which if to be rendered by a single English word with similar range of meaning ought by all means to be the word ‘justice’” (TWOT 2443c). These 13 meanings include “the act of deciding a case of litigation,” “a sentence or decision issuing from a magistrate’s court,” “an ordinance of law,” “one’s right under law,” and “sovereignty, the legal foundation of government in the sense of ultimate authority or right.” We get to see Solomon use his gift of wise judgement immediately, as the next thing recorded in this narrative is the story of the two mothers arguing over one living child. Both claim to be the baby’s mother and that a child who died belonged to the other. Solomon wisely figured out who the real mother was without even needing to conduct an investigation.
All Israel heard of the judgment (mishpat) which the king had judged (shaphat); and they feared the king, for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him to do justice (mishpat).
1 Kings 3:28, NET
Solomon’s wisdom wasn’t confined to judicial matters or government–God’s blessing exceeded Solomon’s initial request (1 Kings 4:229-34)–but that was the central reason he gave for requesting wisdom. It seems from the way that Solomon talked about his new responsibilities that he was worried he wouldn’t be able to govern as well as he ought, and he asked for supernatural help to discern and do justice. There was a purpose behind his request, and it was related to the role he was meant to fill in ruling and serving God’s people.
Next-Level Justice and Love
As I pondered Solomon’s reason for asking God to give him wisdom, it made me think of what Paul told the Corinthians about wisdom and knowledge. In the opening part of 1 Corinthians, Paul made a distinction between wisdom as the world defines it and wisdom that God gives through His holy spirit. Earthly wisdom can get in the way of us following God–we get so impressed with what we know and how we wisely apply our knowledge that it’s hard for us to realize how much we need God and how little our own talents impress Him (Jer. 9:23-24; 1 Cor. 1:26-31). It took Solomon a long time to realize this, even with his wisdom being a gift from God (Ecc. 12:9-14).
The wisdom that Paul talked about is “not a wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who are perishing. Instead we speak the wisdom of God, hidden in a mystery, that God determined before the ages for our glory” (1 Cor. 2:6-7, NET). It’s a different sort–or maybe a different level–of wisdom than Solomon had. This fits into a larger pattern in the New Testament of Jesus taking things from God’s Old Covenant interactions with people to a higher, deeper, more spiritual level.
We see good examples of this in the Sermon on the Mount, [where He mentions a law (e.g “You have heard that it was said, ‘Do not commit adultery’ [Matt. 5:27, NET]) and then shares the New Covenant application (e.g. “But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to desire her has already committed adultery with her in his heart” [Matt. 5:28, NET]). He goes through this pattern several times, revealing that God expects more of us under the New Covenant because we’re to keep the spirit and intent of the law, not just the letter.
There is one law that seems like an outlier to this pattern. In the past, God’s law let you exact equal retribution for a crime (e.g. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” (Ex. 21:24; Lev. 24:20; Matt. 5:38). Jesus doesn’t say to be more extreme with this law, but rather “do not resist the evildoer” (Matt. 5:39, NET). It might not seem like a logical escalation to us, but when God takes justice to the next level, it turns into mercy, long-suffering, peace, and love (Matt. 5:38-48).
Heading
Wisdom by itself doesn’t do much for us. There has to be a purpose behind it, and it has to be the right kind of wisdom (i.e. “wise in what is good and innocent in what is evil” [Rom. 16:19, NET]). In 1 Corinthians, Paul discussed both wisdom and knowledge (which aren’t the same thing, but are connected). This church had several issues they needed to work through, including a mistaken idea that they had all the answers.
With regard to food sacrificed to idols, we know that “we all have knowledge.” Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up. If someone thinks he knows something, he does not yet know to the degree that he needs to know.
1 Corinthians 8:1-2, NET
Having knowledge isn’t a problem in itself; we’re actually supposed to have some types of knowledge (1 Cor. 12:8; 14:6; 15:34). But no matter how much we know, we still have incomplete knowledge and a limited perspective compared to God. Also, not everyone has the same understanding, and there are times that acting on your knowledge–even if you’re right–can undermine someone else’s faith (1 Cor. 8:4-13). If you’re using your knowledge to increase your pride or hurt other people, then it’s worse than useless.
And if I have prophecy, and know all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith so that I can remove mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing.
1 Corinthians 13:2, NET
Wisdom is often defined as using knowledge in the right way. I think there’s a connection here between Solomon’s wisdom to do justice and Paul’s teaching that knowledge is useless without love. Just like there was a reason behind the wisdom Solomon asked for, so there should be a driving factor behind our use of knowledge as well. Without love (a central aspect of God’s character and law [Rom. 13:10; Gal. 5:14; 1 John 4:8, 16]), intellectual gifts are pointless.
Solomon spent a lot of time in Ecclesiastes bemoaning how empty his life felt even with so much wisdom. He ultimately came to the conclusion that wisdom is definitely better than folly, but that the most important thing is to “Fear God, and keep his commandments; for this is the whole duty of man” (Ecc. 12:13, WEB). When we ask God for wisdom, knowledge, and understanding (which He will give us if we ask [James 1:5]), we should remember why He gives these sorts of gifts–so that we can follow His example and develop His character in us, including His love and justice.
He has told you, O man, what is good,
Micah 6:8, NET
and what the Lord really wants from you:
He wants you to carry out justice, to love faithfulness,
and to live obediently before your God.
Featured image by Pearl from Lightstock
Song Recommendation: “Be Thou My Vision” by Jean Watson




















